Neem Oil
Neem : Azadirachta indica A.Juss (Melia azaderachta L.)

Neem tree also known as Indian Lilac is indigenous to India and treated neem extract has emerged as an alternative insecticide for chemical pesticides, due to its biodergradability, relatively low toxicity and botanical nature.
Neem has several advantages compared to chemical pesticides. They are as follows :
Non-toxic, Bio-degradable and Environmentally friendly.
Insect Repellent and antifeedant thus serving as plant growth nutrient.
Compatible with common insecticides and pesticides giving synergistic action.
Stops sucking, and eating of leaves by insects.
Reduces the laying and hatching of eggs by insects.
Lowers the usage of chemical insecticide load on the environment.
Mode of Action
a) Repellent and Antifeedent Effect : Neem oil sprayed on plant inhibits feeding by insects. The insects are repelled on contact with the treated area.
b) Growth inhibition : Azadirachtin causes morphogenetic defects in pests coming in contact. This ensures that young insects ingested with Azadirachtin do not reach adulthood. It is know to prolong the larval period (Upto 45 days). This is independent of feeding inhibition.
c) Effect on Reproduction : The insects which ingest neem succumb to behavioural and physiological stresses and starvation. The insects reproductive physiology is invariably impaired. There is a drastic reduction in egg laying activity of the adults.
d) Oviposition Effect : Medicine Garden Australia neem disrupts normal courtship and mating behaviour. There is a drastic reduction in Fecundity. Azadirachtin is a ecdysis inhibitor and also effects vitellogenesis, which leads to vitellarium and the oviducts being reabsorbed.

Cropwise Dosage Recommendations : Crop Insect / Pest/ Quantity/Acre in ml Dilution in water in Litres
Cotton
Cotton jassid/Cotton
aphids/Cotton bollworm/Cotton
stainer/Leafworm
800-1000 180-200
Tea
Tea mosquito/Flushworm/Tea
slugs/Tea thrips/Shot hole borer
750-1000
140-160
Coffee
White stem borer/Shot hole
borer/Coffee bug/Coffee
thrips/Jassids/Aphids
800-1000
180-200
Tobacco
Tobacco caterpillar/Stem
borer/Cutworms
800-1000
180-200
Potato
Jassids/Aphids/Cutworms
750-1000
140-160
Tomato
Jassids Castor semilooper/Castor
gallfly
800-1000
180-200
Cabbage
Aphids/Cabbage butterfly/Cabbage
borer/Diamond
black moth/Cabbage
looper/Cabbage worm
800-1000
180-200
Apple
Hairy caterpillar/Wooly
aphid/Blossom thrips/Tent
caterpillar/San jose scale. 800-1000
180-200



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