Neem Azadirachta indica
A.Juss (Melia azaderachta L.)
Neem tree also known as Indian Lilac is indigenous to India and treated neem
extract has emerged as an alternative insecticide for chemical pesticides, due
to its biodergradability, relatively low toxicity and botanical nature.
Neem has several advantages compared to chemical pesticides. They are as follows
:
Non-toxic, Bio-degradable and Environmentally friendly.
Insect Repellent and antifeedant thus serving as plant growth nutrient.
Compatible with common insecticides and pesticides giving synergistic action.
Stops sucking, and eating of leaves by insects.
Reduces the laying and hatching of eggs by insects.
Lowers the usage of chemical insecticide load on the environment.
Mode of Action
a) Repellent and Antifeedent Effect : Neem oil sprayed on plant inhibits feeding
by insects. The insects are repelled on contact with the treated area.
b) Growth inhibition : Azadirachtin causes morphogenetic defects in pests coming
in contact. This ensures that young insects ingested with Azadirachtin do not
reach adulthood. It is know to prolong the larval period (Upto 45 days). This
is independent of feeding inhibition.
c) Effect on Reproduction : The insects which ingest neem succumb to behavioural
and physiological stresses and starvation. The insects reproductive physiology
is invariably impaired. There is a drastic reduction in egg laying activity
of the adults.
d) Oviposition Effect : Medicine Garden Australia neem disrupts normal courtship
and mating behaviour. There is a drastic reduction in Fecundity. Azadirachtin
is a ecdysis inhibitor and also effects vitellogenesis, which leads to vitellarium
and the oviducts being reabsorbed.
Seed Available seasonally.
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