Key to sections
1 |
Upper surface grey, K+ yellow |
Section 1 |
| |
Upper surface brown or yellow-green to green, K- |
2
|
2 |
Upper surface brown |
Section 4 |
| |
Upper surface yellow-green to green |
3
|
3 |
Thallus isidiate |
Section 2 |
| |
Thallus without isidia |
Section 3
|
Section 1
Upper cortex grey (Paraparmelia)
| 1 |
Lobes isidiate |
2 |
| |
Lobes without isidia |
8
|
| 2(1) |
Lower surface mostly jet black |
3 |
| |
Lower surface entirely brown |
7
|
| 3(2) |
Medulla K+ yellow turning red |
4 |
| |
Medulla K- or K+ pale yellow to brown (K+ pale y-b, C-, P+ r) |
X. fumarprotocetrarica (Elix & J. Johnst.) Elix
|
| 4(3) |
Lobes up to 1mm wide (K+ y-r, C-, P+ r / or) |
X. subtropica (Elix & J. Johnst.) Elix |
| |
Lobes 1-3mm wide |
5
|
| 5(4) |
Medulla K+ blood red (K+ y, C-, P+ y) |
X. murina (Kurok.) Elix |
| |
Medulla K+ pale red-orange (K+ y-r, C-, P-) |
X. numinbahensis (Elix & J. Johnst.) Elix
|
| 7(2) |
Medulla K+ yellow turning blood red (K+ y-r, C-, P+ y-or) |
X. scotophylla (Kurok.) Elix |
| |
Medulla K+ yellow turning orange- red (K+ y-r, C-, P-) |
X. neoquintaria (Hale) Elix
|
| 8(1) |
Lower surface mostly black |
9 |
| |
Lower surface brown |
13
|
| 9(8) |
Medulla K+ yellow turning red |
10 |
| |
Medulla K- or K+ pale yellow-brown |
11
|
| 10(13) |
Lower surface brown at the margin (K+ y-r, C-, P+ y-or) |
X. lithophila (Kurok.) Elix |
| |
Lower surface black at the margin (K-r, C-, P+ o) |
X. subspodochroa (Elix & J. Johnst.) Elix
|
| 11(9) |
Lobes <1mm wide (K-, C-, KC-, P-) |
X. mongaensis (Elix) Elix |
| |
Lobes 1-3mm wide |
12
|
| 12(11) |
Lobes strongly overlapping on the edges (K+ pale y-b, C-, P+ r) |
X. roderickii (Elix & J. Johnst.) Elix |
| |
Lobes not or barely overlapping (K+ pale y-b, C-, P+ r) |
X. rugulosa (Elix & J. Johnst.) Elix
|
| 9(8) |
Medulla K+ yellow turning red |
10 |
| |
Medulla K- or K+ pale yellow-brown |
11
|
| 10(13) |
Lower surface brown at the margin (K+ y-r, C-, P+y-or) |
X. lithophila (Kurok.) Elix |
| |
Lower surface black at the margin (K-r, C-, P+ o) |
X. subspodochroa (Elix & J. Johnst.) Elix
|
| 11(9) |
Lobes <1mm wide (K-, C-, KC-,P-) |
X. mongaensis (Elix) Elix |
| |
Lobes 1-3mm wide |
12
|
| 12(11) |
Lobes strongly overlapping on the edges (K+ pale y-b, C-, P+ r) |
X. roderickii (Elix & J. Johnst.) Elix |
| |
Lobes not or barely overlapping (K+ pale y-b, C-, P+r) |
X. rugulosa (Elix & J. Johnst.) Elix
|
 Top of Page
Section 2
Upper cortex yellow to green, isidiate.
| 1 |
Lower surface black |
2 |
| |
Lower surface brown |
8
|
| 2(1) |
Medulla K- |
X. thamnoides (Kurok.) Hale |
| |
Medulla K+ yellow or yellow turning orange |
2
|
| 3(2) |
Medulla K+ yellow |
X. mougeotina (Nyl.) D.J.Galloway |
| |
Medulla K+ yellow turning red |
4
|
| 4(3) |
Medulla KC+ red |
5 |
| |
Medulla KC- |
7
|
| 5(4) |
Lobes >2mm broad (K+ y-r, C-, KC+ r, P+ o) |
X. australasica D.J.Galloway |
| |
Lobes 1-2mm broad |
6
|
| 6(5) |
Isidia simple (K+ y-r, C-, P+ o) |
X. isidiigera (Műll. Arg.) Elix |
| |
Isidia branched (K+ y-r, C-, KC+ r, P+ o) |
X. isidiosa Elix & J. Johnst.
|
| 7(4) |
Lobes <1mm broad (K+ y-r, C-, P+ y) |
X. filsonii Elix & J. Johnst. |
| |
Lobes >2mm broad (K+ y-r, C-, KC-, P+ y) |
X. neotinctina (Elix) Elix & J. Johnst.
|
| 8(1) |
Medulla K- or K+ pale yellow turning brown |
9 |
| |
Medulla K+ yellow turning red |
25
|
| 9(8) |
Isidia inflated to erumpent |
10 |
| |
Isidia cylindrical, never erumpent |
20
|
| 10(9) |
Lobes <1mm broad |
11 |
| |
Lobes more than 1mm broad |
16
|
| 11(10) |
Lower medulla patchy orange (K-, C-, KC-, P-) |
X. zonata Elix & J. Johnst. |
| |
Medulla white in total |
12
|
| 12(11) |
Medulla KC+ pink |
13 |
| |
Medulla KC- |
15
|
| 13(12) |
Isidia cylindrical, coralloid |
X. orchardi Elix |
| |
Isidia globular to cylindrical, not branched |
14
|
| 14(13) |
Lobes to 0.4mm wide, isidia globose (K-, C-, KC-, P-) |
X. mayrhoferi Elix |
| |
Lobes to 0.7mm wide, isidia globose to cylindrical |
X. maccarthyi Elix
|
| 15(12) |
Isidia commonly erumpent, with colensoic acid (K-, C-, KC-, P-) |
X. ballingalliana Elix & J. Johnst. |
| |
Isidia rarely erumpent, with constipatic acid (K-, C-, KC-, P-) |
X. globulifera (Kurok. & Filson) Hale
|
| 16(10) |
Medulla KC+ rose (K-, C-, P-) |
X. scabrosa (Taylor) Hale |
| |
Medulla KC- |
17
|
| 17(16) |
Thallus loosely adnate (K-, C-, KC-, P-) |
X. exuviata (Kurok.) Hale |
| |
Thallus closely adnate |
18
|
| 18(17) |
Lobes <2mm broad, isidia rarely erumpent (K-, C-, KC-, P-) |
X. remanens (Elix) Elix & J. Johnst. |
| |
Lobes up to 3mm broad, isidia mostly erumpent |
19
|
| 19(18) |
Containing scabrosins |
X. weberiella Elix |
| |
Without scabrosins (K-, C-, KC-, P-) |
X. weberi (Hale) Hale
|
| 20(9) |
KC+ rose |
21 |
| |
Medulla KC- |
23
|
| 21(20) |
Growing on soil (K-, C-, KC+ p, P-) |
X. constipata (Kurok. & Filson) Elix & J. Johnst. |
| |
Growing on rock |
22
|
| 22(21) |
Lobes <1mm broad (K-, C-, KC+ p, P-) |
X. exillima (Elix) Elix & J. Johnst. |
| |
Lobes 0.8 – 3.0mm broad (K-, C-, KC+ p, P-) |
X. amplexula (Stirt.) Elix & J. Johnst.
|
| 23(20) |
Thallus completely foliose (K-, C-, K-, P-) |
X. blackdownensis Elix & J. Johnst. |
| |
Thallus subcrustose at least in the centre |
24
|
| 24(23) |
Isidia globular becoming cylindrical (K-, C-, KC-, P-) |
X. immutata Elix & J. Johnst. |
| |
Isidia always cylindrical (K-, C-, KC-, P-) |
X. nonreagens Elix & J. Johnst.
|
| 25(8) |
Thallus crustose (K y-r, C-, KC-, P+ y) |
X. praegnans (Elix & P.M.Armstr.) Elix & J. Johnst. |
| |
Thallus lobate |
26
|
| 26(25) |
Lobes >1.5mm broad (K y-r, C-, KC-, P+ o) |
X. mexicana (Gyeln.) Hale |
| |
Lobes up to 1.5mm broad |
27
|
| 27(26) |
Isidia globose |
X. barthlottii Elix & U.Becker |
| |
Isidia cylindrical |
28
|
| 28(27) |
Thallus adnate to loosely adnate |
X. microcephala Elix & Kantvilas |
| |
Thallus tightly adnate to subcrustose |
29
|
| 29(28) |
Isidia to 3mm tall (K+ y-r, C-, KC-, P+ y) |
X antleriformis Elix & J. Johnst. |
| |
Isidia to 0.5mm tall (K+ y-r, C-, KC-, P+ y) |
X. streimannii (Elix & P.M.Armstrong) Elix & J. Johnst.
|
Top of Page
Section 3
Upper cortex yellow to green, without isidia
| 1 |
Lower surface black |
2 |
| |
Lower surface cream to brown |
12
|
| 2(1) |
Medulla K- (C-, KC-, P-) |
X. notata (Kurok.) Hale |
| |
Medulla K+ yellow or yellow turning red |
3
|
| 3(2) |
Medulla K+ yellow |
4 |
| |
Medulla K+ yellow turning red |
7
|
| 4(3) |
Lobes <1mm broad (K y to b, C-, P+ o-r) |
X. pseudohypoleia (Elix) Elix & J. Johnst. |
| |
Lobes 1-3mm broad |
5
|
| 5(4) |
Thallus very loosely adnate, sometimes mat-forming (K+ y to b, C-, P+ o/r) |
X. rogersii Elix |
| |
Thallus adnate, not mat forming |
6
|
| 6(5) |
Upper surface strongly white-spotted (K y to b, C-, P+ o-r) |
X. yowaensis Elix & J.Johnst. |
| |
Upper surface not white-spotted (K y to b, C-, KC-, P+ r) |
X. hypomelaenoides Elix & J. Johnst.
|
| 7(3) |
Lobes up to 1mm broad |
8 |
| |
Lobes 1-5mm broad |
9
|
| 8(7) |
Medulla P+ orange-red (K y to r, C-, P+ o) |
X. rubireagens (Gyeln.) Hale |
| |
Medulla P+ yellow-orange (K y to r, C-, P+ y) |
X. subnuda (Kurok.) Hale
|
| 9(7) |
Secondary lobes formed in the centre, on soil (K y to r, C-, P+ y-o) |
X. versicolor Hale |
| |
Without secondary lobes, on rock |
10
|
| 10(9) |
Lobes 2-5mm broad, very loosely adnate (Ky-r, C-, P+or-r) |
X. tasmanica (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Hale |
| |
Lobes 1-3mm broad, adnate |
11
|
| 11(10) |
Medulla P+ orange-red (salazinic acid), not mat forming (Ky-r, C-, P+or-r) |
X. incerta (Kurok. & Filson) Elix & J. Johnst |
| |
Medulla P+ yellow-orange (norstictic acid), mat forming (Ky-r, C-, P+y-o) |
X. congesta (Kurok. & Filson) Elix & J.Johnst.
|
| 12(1) |
Medulla K- |
13 |
| |
Medulla K+ yellow or yellow turning red |
24
|
| 13(12) |
Medulla KC+ yellow or rose |
14 |
| |
Medulla KC- |
21
|
| 14(13) |
Medulla KC+ yellow |
15 |
| |
Medulla KC+ rose |
16
|
| 15(14) |
Medulla pigmented (K-, C-, P-) |
X. boonahensis Elix & J. Johnst. |
| |
Medulla white (K-, C-, P-) |
X. barbatica (Elix) Egan
|
| 16(14) |
Thallus closely adnate (K-, C-, P-) |
X. filarszkyana (Gyeln.) Hale |
| |
Thallus loosely adnate |
17
|
| 17(16) |
On soil, with secondary lobes near the centre (K-, C-, KC+p, P-) |
X. eilifii Elix & J.Johnst. |
| |
On rock, without secondary lobes in the centre |
218
|
| 18(17) |
Upper surface strongly white-spotted (K-, C-, KC+ p, P-) |
X. metamorphosa (Gyeln.) Hale |
| |
Upper surface not white-spotted |
19
|
| 19(18) |
Lower surface without rhizines, rolling into a ball when dry (Chondropsis) (Kb, C-, P+ r) |
X. semiviridis (F. Muell. ex Nyl.) Elix |
| |
Lower surface with rhizines, not rolling when dry |
20
|
| 20(19) |
Lobes 0. 3– 1.5mm broad, tapering uniformly (K-, C-, P-) |
X. furcata (Műll. Arg.) Hale |
| |
Lobes 1.5 – 3.0mm broad, of irregular width (K-, C-, P-) |
X. flavescentireagens (Gyeln.) D.J.Galloway
|
| 21(13) |
Thallus closely adnate |
X. ustulata |
| |
Thallus loosely adnate |
22
|
| 22(21) |
On rock (K-, C-, P-) |
X. spargenosa Elix & J. Johnst. |
| |
On soil |
25
|
| 23(22) |
Upper and lower surface green, concolorous, lobes often tangled (Kfaint y, C-, KC-, P+y - o) |
X. willisii (Kurok. & Filson) Elix & J.Johnst. |
| |
Lower surface pale brown, with secondary lobes at the centre (K-, C-, P-) |
X. condaminensis Elix & J.Johnst.
|
| 24(12) |
Medulla K+ yellow |
25 |
| |
Medulla K+ yellow turning red |
26
|
| 25(24) |
Thallus closely adnate, on rock (K+ pale y - b, C-, KC-,P+ o-r) |
X. pertinax (Kurok. & Filson) Elix & J.Johnst. |
| |
Thallus loosely adnate, on soil (K+ pale y - b, C-, KC-, P+ y) |
X. reptans (Elix) Elix & Johnst.
|
| 26(24) |
Thallus very closely adnate |
27 |
| |
Thallus loosely adnate |
28
|
| 27(26) |
Thallus subcrustose at the centre (K+ y to r, C-, KC-, P+ y - o) |
X. neorimalis (Elix & P.Armstr.) Elix & T.H.Nash |
| |
Thallus foliose at the centre (K+ y to r, C-, KC-, P+ y) |
X. lineola (E.C.Bery) Hale
|
| 28(26) |
On soil, with secondary lobes at the centre (K+ y to r, C-, KC+ r, P+ o) |
X. taractica (Kremp.) Hale |
| |
On rock, without secondary lobes |
29
|
| 29 (28) |
Rhizines dichotomously branched (K+ y to r, C-, P+ o) |
X. substrigosa (Hale) Hale |
| |
Rhizines simple (K+ y to r, C-, P+ y) |
X. arapilensis (Elix & P.Armstr.) Filson
|
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Section 4
Upper cortex brown (Neofuscelia)
| 1 |
Medulla K+ yellow turning red (K+ y to o, C-, KC-, P+ o-r) |
X. parviloba (Essl.) O.Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D.Hawksw. & Lumbsch |
| |
Medulla K- |
2
|
| 2(1) |
Lobes dark brown beneath (K+- or k+ b, C+ y or p, KC+ o, P-) |
X. delisii (Duby) O.Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D.Hawksw. & Lumbsch |
| |
Lobes black beneath |
3
|
| 3(2) |
Medulla C+ rose (K- , C- or C+ p, KC+p, P-, UV+) |
X. glabrans (Nyl.) O.Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D.Hawksw. & Lumbsch |
| |
Medulla C- |
4
|
| 4(3) |
Medulla KC- (K- , C- , KC-, P-, UV-) |
X. pulla O.Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D.Hawksw. & Lumbsch |
| |
Medulla KC+ (K- , C-, KC+p , P-, UV+) |
X. verisidiosa O.Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D.Hawksw. & Lumbsch
|
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