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3769 Website Design

Confirm Accessibility of Website design

Event No. 2 of 3

Weight 100%

Date Due Week 12

Teacher Urshula Beere

What are accessibility standards who do they apply to?
The internet’s “Web Accessibility Standards” are certain protocols and guidelines set by the W3C(.org), to assist web designers and developers of internet sites and other hypermedia, as well as the software makers {eg web browsers, Html editors, etc}.  This makes way for the ability for across-the-board accessabilty standards, as well as keeping all the internets information as accessible to the deaf and blind as much as possible. Thus, disabled users will not be discriminated against by the lack of good web coding practices.
“…Rehabilitation Act to require Federal agencies to make their electronic and information technology accessible to people with disabilities. Inaccessible technology interferes with an individual's ability to obtain and use information quickly and easily. Section 508 was enacted to eliminate barriers in information technology, to make available new opportunities for people with disabilities…”…from http://www.section508.gov/

Thus, everyone on using the internet is affected by accessibility issues, and all individuals and companies making related product and media need to adhere to these rules.

 

Do you think accessibility standards are or are not important and why?
 “…Section 508 will open many more doors to information for people with disabilities...”
Accessibility standards are essential whether recreation, buisness, schooling, finance, or personal well-being. This is not only due to the capabilities ensured the standards for disabled people to function on the internet, and with the broad range of digital media and ability to perform functions of independence, but also as a standard of professional practice for web designers as they create the roads of transition and interfaces of information, throughout the internet. If these pillars of creation do not allow for such consideration and practice for their clients, and client of clients {and so on}, the integrity of the internet will be lost; and one of the most important and influential tools in humanity.
It also has legal implications … Web standards and accessibility can help your site stay on the right side of these laws.”

 

Give an example of Specific user groups with particular accessibility requirements?

The groups that coagulate specific user groups utilizing advanced accessibility, closely linked to the humans senses, are:

  • The blind. This user group would be most likely to use banking, and communication functions on the internet. The programs used would be a ‘reading’ software to announce and read out what is on the webpage, and also speech recognition software to navigate and type – adaptations for these software programs (and them using them,) would be needed.
  • The deaf. This user group would most likely use banking, recreation, and communication and research faculties on the internet. Audio sites, as well as sites playing music cannot assume their listeners aren’t deaf and would need to make those amendments (such as a visual sign of music playing, or  an oscilloscope, etc)
  • The physically disabled. This user group would most likey be accessing all areas of the internet, but consideration would be needed as they may be utilizing anything such as: the tabbing system, virtual keyboard, speech recognition, narrator, web-page-reader, etc

 

What is an example of a General legislated accessibility standard and requirements?

DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION ACT 1992
- SECT 45
Special measures

This Part does not render it unlawful to do an act that is reasonably intended to:

(a) ensure that persons who have a disability have equal opportunities with other persons in circumstances in relation to which a provision is made by this Act; or
(b) afford persons who have a disability or a particular disability, goods or access to facilities, services or opportunities to meet their special needs in relation to:
(i) employment, education, accommodation, clubs or sport; and
(ii) the provision of goods, services, facilities or land; or
(iii) the making available of facilities; or
(iv) the administration of Commonwealth laws and programs; or
(v) their capacity to live independently; or
(c) afford persons who have a disability or a particular disability, grants, benefits or programs, whether direct or indirect, to meet their special needs in relation to:
(i) employment, education, accommodation, clubs or sport; or
(ii) the provision of goods, services, facilities or land; or
(iii) the making available of facilities; or
(iv) the administration of Commonwealth laws and programs; or
(v) their capacity to live independently.

 

Include a checklist of  the WCAG 2.0 guidelines and whether you’re your front page adheres to the them?

 

 

Success Criterion

L1

1.1.1For all non-text content, one of the following is true: [How to meet 1.1.1]

Guideline 1.2 : Provide synchronized alternatives for multimedia

 

Success Criterion

L1

1.2.1Captions are provided for prerecorded multimedia. [How to meet 1.2.1]

1.2.2Audio descriptions of video, or a full multimedia text alternative including any interaction, are provided for prerecorded multimedia. [How to meet 1.2.2]

L2

1.2.3Audio descriptions of video are provided for prerecorded multimedia. [How to meet 1.2.3]

1.2.4Captions are provided for live multimedia. [How to meet 1.2.4]

L3

1.2.5Sign language interpretation is provided for multimedia. [How to meet 1.2.5]

1.2.6Extended audio descriptions of video are provided for prerecorded multimedia. [How to meet 1.2.6]

1.2.7For prerecorded multimedia, a full multimedia text alternative including any interaction is provided. [How to meet 1.2.7]

Guideline 1.3 : Ensure that information and structure can be separated from presentation

 

Success Criterion

L1

1.3.1Information and relationships conveyed through presentation can be programmatically determined, and notification of changes to these is available to user agents, including assistive technologies. [How to meet 1.3.1]

1.3.2Any information that is conveyed by color is also visually evident without color. [How to meet 1.3.2]

1.3.3When the sequence of the content affects its meaning, that sequence can be programmatically determined. [How to meet 1.3.3]

L2

1.3.4Information that is conveyed by variations in presentation of text is also conveyed in text, or the variations in presentation of text can be programmatically determined. [How to meet 1.3.4]

1.3.5Information required to understand and operate content does not rely on shape, size, visual location, or orientation of components. [How to meet 1.3.5]

Guideline 1.4 : Make it easy to distinguish foreground information from its background

 

Success Criterion

L2

1.4.1Text or diagrams, and their background, have a luminosity contrast ratio of at least 5:1. [How to meet 1.4.1]

1.4.2A mechanism is available to turn off background audio that plays automatically, without requiring the user to turn off all audio. [How to meet 1.4.2]

L3

1.4.3Text or diagrams, and their background, have a luminosity contrast ratio of at least 10:1. [How to meet 1.4.3]

1.4.4Audio content does not contain background sounds, background sounds can be turned off, or background sounds are at least 20 decibels lower than the foreground audio content, with the exception of occasional sound effects. [How to meet 1.4.4]
Note: A 20 decibel difference in sound level is roughly four times (4x) quieter or louder. Background sound that meets this requirement will be approximately four times (4x) quieter than the foreground audio content.

Guideline 2.1 : Make all functionality operable via a keyboard interface

 

Success Criterion

L1

2.1.1All functionality of the content is operable in a non-time-dependent manner through a keyboard interface, except where the task requires analog, time-dependent input. [How to meet 2.1.1]
Note: This does not preclude and should not discourage the support of other input methods (such as a mouse) in addition to keyboard operation.

L3

2.1.2All functionality of the content is operable in a non-time-dependent manner through a keyboard interface. [How to meet 2.1.2]

Guideline 2.2 : Allow users to control time limits on their reading or interaction

 

Success Criterion

L1

2.2.1For each time-out that is a function of the content, at least one of the following is true: [How to meet 2.2.1]

  • the user is allowed to deactivate the time-out; or
  • the user is allowed to adjust the time-out over a wide range that is at least ten times the length of the default setting; or
  • the user is warned before time expires and given at least 20 seconds to extend the time-out with a simple action (for example, "hit any key"), and the user is allowed to extend the timeout at least ten times; or
  • the time-out is an important part of a real-time event (for example, an auction), and no alternative to the time-out is possible; or
  • the time-out is part of an activity where timing is essential (for example, competitive gaming or time-based testing) and time limits can not be extended further without invalidating the activity.

L2

2.2.2Content does not blink for more than three seconds, or a method is available to stop all blinking content in the Web unit or authored component. [How to meet 2.2.2]
Note: For requirements related to flickering or flashing content, refer to Guideline 2.3 Allow users to avoid content that could cause seizures due to photosensitivity .

2.2.3Content can be paused by the user unless the timing or movement is part of an activity where timing or movement is essential. [How to meet 2.2.3]

L3

2.2.4Except for real-time events, timing is not an essential part of the event or activity presented by the content. [How to meet 2.2.4]

2.2.5Interruptions, such as updated content, can be postponed or suppressed by the user, except interruptions involving an emergency. [How to meet 2.2.5]

2.2.6When an authenticated session expires, the user can continue the activity without loss of data after re-authenticating. [How to meet 2.2.6]

Guideline 2.3 : Allow users to avoid content that could cause seizures due to photosensitivity

 

Success Criterion

L1

2.3.1Content does not violate the general flash threshold or the red flash threshold. [How to meet 2.3.1]

L3

2.3.2Web units do not contain any components that flash more than three times in any 1-second period. [How to meet 2.3.2]

Guideline 2.4 : Provide mechanisms to help users find content, orient themselves within it, and navigate through it

 

Success Criterion

L1

2.4.1A mechanism is available to bypass blocks of content that are repeated on multiple Web units. [How to meet 2.4.1]

L2

2.4.2More than one way is available to locate content within a set of Web units where content is not the result of, or a step in, a process or task. [How to meet 2.4.2]

2.4.3Web units have titles. [How to meet 2.4.3]

2.4.4Each link is programmatically associated with text from which its purpose can be determined. [How to meet 2.4.4]

L3

2.4.5Titles, headings, and labels are descriptive. [How to meet 2.4.5]

2.4.6When a Web unit or authored component is navigated sequentially, components receive focus in an order that follows relationships and sequences in the content. [How to meet 2.4.6]

2.4.7Information about the user's location within a set of Web units is available. [How to meet 2.4.7]

2.4.8The purpose of each link can be programmatically determined from the link. [How to meet 2.4.8]

Guideline 2.5 : Help users avoid mistakes and make it easy to correct mistakes that do occur

 

Success Criterion

L1

2.5.1If an input error is detected, the error is identified and described to the user in text. [How to meet 2.5.1]

L2

2.5.2If an input error is detected and suggestions for correction are known and can be provided without jeopardizing the security or purpose of the content, the suggestions are provided to the user. [How to meet 2.5.2]

2.5.3For forms that cause legal or financial transactions to occur, that modify or delete data in data storage systems, or that submit test responses, at least one of the following is true: [How to meet 2.5.3]

  • Actions are reversible.
  • Actions are checked for input errors before going on to the next step in the process.
  • The user is able to review and confirm or correct information before submitting it.

L3

2.5.4Context-sensitive help is available for text input. [How to meet 2.5.4]

Guideline 3.1 : Make text content readable and understandable.

 

Success Criterion

L1

3.1.1The primary natural language or languages of the Web unit can be programmatically determined. [How to meet 3.1.1]

L2

3.1.2The natural language of each passage or phrase in the Web unit can be programmatically determined. [How to meet 3.1.2]
Note: This requirement does not apply to individual words or phrases that have become part of the primary language of the content.

L3

3.1.3A mechanism is available for identifying specific definitions of words or phrases used in an unusual or restricted way, including idioms and jargon. [How to meet 3.1.3]

3.1.4A mechanism for finding the expanded form of abbreviations is available. [How to meet 3.1.4]

3.1.5When text requires reading ability more advanced than the lower secondary education level, supplemental content is available that does not require reading ability more advanced than the lower secondary education level. [How to meet 3.1.5]

3.1.6A mechanism is available for identifying specific pronunciation of words where meaning cannot be determined without pronunciation. [How to meet 3.1.6]

Guideline 3.2 : Make the placement and functionality of content predictable.

 

Success Criterion

L1

3.2.1When any component receives focus, it does not cause a change of context. [How to meet 3.2.1]

3.2.2Changing the setting of any form control or field does not automatically cause a change of context (beyond moving to the next field in tab order), unless the authored unit contains instructions before the control that describe the behavior. [How to meet 3.2.2]

L2

3.2.3Navigational mechanisms that are repeated on multiple Web units within a set of Web units or other primary resources occur in the same relative order each time they are repeated, unless a change is initiated by the user. [How to meet 3.2.3]

3.2.4Components that have the same functionality within a set of Web units are identified consistently. [How to meet 3.2.4]

L3

3.2.5Changes of context are initiated only by user request. [How to meet 3.2.5]

Guideline 4.1 : Support compatibility with current and future user agents (including assistive technologies)

 

Success Criterion

L1

4.1.1Web units or authored components can be parsed unambiguously, and the relationships in the resulting data structure are also unambiguous. [How to meet 4.1.1]

4.1.2For all user interface components, the name and role can be programmatically determined, values that can be set by the user can be programmatically set, and notification of changes to these items is available to user agents, including assistive technologies. [How to meet 4.1.2]

Guideline 4.2 : Ensure that content is accessible or provide an accessible alternative

 

Success Criterion

L1

4.2.1At least one version of the content meets all level 1 success criteria, but alternate version(s) that do not meet all level 1 success criteria may be available from the same URI. [How to meet 4.2.1]

4.2.2Content meets the following criteria even if the content uses a technology that is not in the chosen baseline: [How to meet 4.2.2]

  • If content can be entered using the keyboard, then the content can be exited using the keyboard.
  • Content conforms to success criterion 2.3.1 (general and red flash).

L2

4.2.3At least one version of the content meets all level 2 success criteria, but alternate version(s) that do not meet all level 2 success criteria may be available from the same URI. [How to meet 4.2.3]

L3

4.2.4Content implemented using technologies outside of the chosen baseline satisfies all Level 1 and Level 2 requirements supported by the technologies. [How to meet 4.2.4]

… From http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/